APA's in-text citations use an author-date citation method, which is to provide the author's surname and the year of publication.
Whether the page number is required to provide in a citation, it depends. When you cite a direct quotation, you're required to do so. When you include a paraphrase instead, you're encouraged to provide the page number in the citation. For further details, check out this APA Style blog post: When and How to Include Page Numbers in APA Style Citations.
Click to learn how to cite the following:
Section 6.11
Write the author's surname and publication year in parentheses. If the name of the author appears as part of the narrative, cite only the publication year in parentheses.
Style 1
It was found that ... (Adams, 2012).
Style 2
Adams (2012) found that ...
Subsequent citations are the same.
End-of-paper reference
Adams, J. L. (2012). Good products, bad products: Essential elements to achieving superior quality. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Section 6.12
Cite both names every time the reference occurs in text.
Style 1
It was found that ... (Anderson & Bratos-Anderson, 1987).
Style 2
Anderson & Bratos-Anderson (1987) found that ...
End-of-paper reference
Anderson, J. S., & Bratos-Anderson, M. (1987). Solving problems in vibrations. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical.
Section 6.12
Cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within a paragaraph.
Style 1
Reynar, Philips, and Heumann (2010) found that ...
Subsequent first in-text citation per paragraph thereafter: Reynar et al. (2010) found that ...
Omit year from subsequent citations within a paragraph: Reynar et al. found that ...
Style 2
Include the year in subsequent citations if first citation within a paragraph is parenthetical.
It was found that ... (Reynar, Philips, and Heumann, 2010).
Subsequent citations within a paragraph: Reynar et al. (2010) found that ...
End-of-paper reference
Reynar, A., Phillips, J., & Heumann, S. (2010). New Technologies Drive CPG Media Mix Optimization. Journal Of Advertising Research, 50(4), 416-427.
Section 6.12
Cite only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations.
Style 1
Davus et al. (2012) found that ...
Style 2
It was found that ... (Davus et al., 2008).
Subsequent citations are the same.
End-of-paper reference
Davis, E., Greenberger, E., Charles, S., Chen, C., Zhao, L., & Dong, Q. (2012). Emotion experience and regulation in China and the United States: How do culture and gender shape emotion responding?. International Journal Of Psychology, 47(3), 230-239. doi:10.1080/00207594.2011.626043
Section 6.13
Style 1
Bloomberg in Singapore (2006) found that ...
Style 2
It was found that ... (Bloomberg in Singapore, 2006).
Subsequent citations are the same. However, if the name is long and cumbersome and if the abbreviation is familiar or readily understandable, may abbreviate the name in the second and subsequent citations.
End-of-paper reference
Bloomberg in Singapore (2006, Nov 10). Reform delay hits open-skies dream. South China Morning Post. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/266552080?accountid=29018
Section 6.15
Write the first few words of the article title and the year, use double quotation marks around the title of an article, a chapter, or a webpage.
It was found that ... ("Finance and economics: when greed," 2007).
End-of-paper reference
Finance and economics: When greed is bad; insider trading. (2007, May 12). The Economist, 383, 82. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223983580?accountid=29018
Section 6.17
In text, name the original work and give a citation for the secondary source; in the reference list, give the secondary source. Use secondary sources sparingly; try your best to locate and use the original sources when possible.
According to Smith (as cited in Chen, 1981), the survey ...
End-of-paper reference
Chen, C. H. (1981). Understanding humans. New York, NY: ABC.
Sections 2.12, 5.06, & 5.10
Refer to tables or figures by their numbers. Do not write "the table above" (or below) or "the table on page 6" (Section 5.10). If a table or figure you use is from another source, you must acknowledge your source in a note directly below the table or figure (Section 5.06).
Also, number all tables and figures with Arabic numerals in the order in which they are first mentioned in text, e.g. Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3; Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3. Do not use suffix letters to number tables and figures like these: Table 1, Table 1a, and Table 1b; Figure 1, Figure 1a, and Figure 1b.
For an appendix with tables or figures, identify those tables or figures with capital letters and arabic numerals.
Examples: Table A1 (the first table of Appendix A); Figure B3 (the third figure of Appendix B)
Type of source: Journal (Section 2.12)
Format: From "Title of Article," by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. xx. Copyright [year] by the Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.
Example: Figure 1 provides an analytical framework ...
Add a note below the reproduced figure:
Note: From "Exchanging Social Information Across Cultural Boundaries," by E. C. Ravlin, A. Ward and D. C. Thomas, 2014, Journal of Management, 40, p. 1440. Copyright 2014 by Sage US. Adapted with permission.
Type of source: Book (Section 2.12)
Format: From Title of Book (p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Coyright [year] by the Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.
Example: Figure 2 sets out the dimensions of managerial work ...
Add a note below the reproduced figure:
Note: From Management: A very short introduction (p. 13) by J. Hendry, 2013, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Copyright 2013 by John Hendry. Adapted with permission.
Sections 6.03, 6.04, & 6.05
When reproducing word for word material directly from another source, always provide the author, year, and specific page citation. For nonpaginated material, provide chapter numbers, headings, and/or paragraph numbers if available. Example:
"critical management scholars have pointed to the ways in which seemingly objective criteria such as those of rationality and efficiency are to some extent socially and politically determined. What counts as rationality, for example, can be contested" (Hendry, 2013, p.105).
If the quotation is longer than 40 words, display it in a free standing block of text and omit the quotation marks. Start such a "block" quotation on a new line, indent the block about a half inch, and double-space the entire quotation:
End-of-paper reference
Hendry, J. (2013). Management: A very short introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Appendix 7.1: A7.07, p. 224
Give the patent number and the issue date (not application or filing date) of the patent.
Style 1
U.S. Patent No. 5,194,299 (1993) shows that ...
Style 2
It was found that ... (U.S. Patent No. 5,194,288, 1993).
End-of-paper reference
Print: Fry, A. L. (1993). U.S. Patent No. 5,194,299. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Electronic: Fry, A. L. (1993). U.S. Patent No. 5,194,299. Retrieved from http://patft.uspto.gov
